Stomatal conductance refers to the movement of gases, particularly carbon dioxide and oxygen, in and out of a plant's stomata. Stomata are small pores on the surface of plant leaves that regulate gas exchange with the surrounding environment. Stomatal conductance is an important physiological process that influences the plant's ability to photosynthesize, transpire, and regulate water balance. Research in stomatal conductance focuses on understanding the factors that regulate the opening and closing of stomata, including environmental conditions (such as light, temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration) and internal signals (such as hormone levels and plant water status). This research helps scientists and agronomists better understand how plants respond to changing environmental conditions, and how they can optimize plant growth and productivity through improved stomatal regulation.